Laws

CHAPTER 1. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS

§ 101. Homicide

§ 101.01. Aggravated Murder. A person is guilty of Aggravated Murder when, with the intent to cause the death of another, they cause the death of a law enforcement officer, firefighter, or emergency medical technician while such person is acting in their official capacity.

§ 101.02. Murder in the First Degree. A person is guilty of Murder in the First Degree when, with the intent to cause the death of another, they cause the death of that person and the killing is:

A result of a contract for financial gain.

Committed to eliminate a witness to a crime.

Committed during the commission of another serious felony.

Committed in a cruel and wanton manner intended to inflict torture.

Committed against a judge or other judicial department employee acting in their official capacity.

§ 101.03. Murder in the Second Degree. A person is guilty of Murder in the Second Degree when, with the intent to cause the death of another, they cause the death of that person or a third person.

§ 101.04. Aggravated Manslaughter. A person is guilty of Aggravated Manslaughter when, with the intent to cause serious physical injury, they cause the death of a law enforcement officer, firefighter, or emergency medical technician while such person is acting in their official capacity.

§ 101.05. Manslaughter in the First Degree. A person is guilty of Manslaughter in the First Degree when, with the intent to cause serious physical injury, they cause the death of that person or a third person.

§ 101.06. Manslaughter in the Second Degree. A person is guilty of Manslaughter in the Second Degree when they recklessly cause the death of another person.

§ 101.07. Vehicular Manslaughter. A person is guilty of Vehicular Manslaughter when, while operating a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft, they recklessly cause the death of another. This offense is more severe if committed while under the influence of alcohol or a controlled substance.

§ 102. Assault and Menacing

§ 102.01. Aggravated Assault. A person is guilty of Aggravated Assault when, with the intent to cause serious physical injury, they cause such injury to a law enforcement officer, firefighter, or emergency medical technician while they are engaged in their official duties, or to a judge or other judicial department employee while performing their duties.

§ 102.02. Assault in the First Degree. A person is guilty of Assault in the First Degree when, with the intent to cause serious physical injury, they cause such injury by means of a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, or under circumstances showing a depraved indifference to human life, or during the commission of another felony.

§ 102.03. Assault in the Second Degree. A person is guilty of Assault in the Second Degree when, with the intent to cause serious physical injury, they cause such injury to another person.

§ 102.04. Assault in the Third Degree. A person is guilty of Assault in the Third Degree when, with the intent to cause physical injury, they cause such injury to another person.

§ 102.05. Vehicular Assault. A person is guilty of Vehicular Assault when, while operating a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft, they cause physical or serious physical injury to another person. This offense is more severe if committed while under the influence of alcohol or a controlled substance.

§ 102.06. Menacing. A person is guilty of Menacing when they intentionally place another in reasonable fear of physical injury, serious physical injury, or death. This includes displaying a deadly weapon or engaging in a course of conduct over time that places another in fear.

§ 102.07. Reckless Endangerment. A person is guilty of Reckless Endangerment when they recklessly engage in conduct that creates a grave risk of death or serious physical injury to another person.

§ 103. Kidnapping and Unlawful Imprisonment

§ 103.01. Kidnapping. A person is guilty of Kidnapping when they abduct another person. This offense is more severe if the intent is to demand ransom, or if the victim is physically injured or dies during the abduction.

§ 103.02. Unlawful Imprisonment. A person is guilty of Unlawful Imprisonment when they restrain another person. This offense is more severe if the person is exposed to a risk of serious physical injury.

§ 104. Stalking

§ 104.01. Stalking. A person is guilty of Stalking when they intentionally engage in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that is likely to cause that person a reasonable fear of physical harm or material harm to their property.

CHAPTER 2. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY

§ 201. Larceny, Robbery, and Theft

§ 201.01. Grand Larceny. A person is guilty of Grand Larceny when they steal property with a value exceeding a certain monetary threshold. This includes the theft of firearms or motor vehicles, or obtaining property through extortion.

§ 201.02. Petit Larceny. A person is guilty of Petit Larceny when they steal property.

§ 201.03. Robbery. A person is guilty of Robbery when they forcibly steal property. This offense is more severe if a person is injured, a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument is used, or the person is aided by another participant.

§ 201.04. Unauthorized Use of a Vehicle. A person is guilty of Unauthorized Use of a Vehicle when they knowingly take, operate, or exercise control over a vehicle without the owner's consent. This offense is more severe if the vehicle is used in the commission of another felony.

§ 201.05. Theft of Services. A person is guilty of Theft of Services when they obtain a service and refuse to pay a previously agreed-upon fee.

§ 201.06. Possession of Stolen Property. A person is guilty of Possession of Stolen Property when they knowingly possess stolen property. This offense is more severe if the value of the property exceeds a certain threshold or if the property is a firearm or motor vehicle.

§ 201.07. Misapplication of Property. A person is guilty of Misapplication of Property when they possess the property of another pursuant to an agreement, and they loan, pledge, or use the property without the owner's consent or intentionally refuse to return it.

§ 202. Burglary and Trespass

§ 202.01. Burglary. A person is guilty of Burglary when they unlawfully enter or remain in a dwelling or building with the intent to commit a crime inside. This offense is more severe if the person is armed with a deadly weapon, causes physical injury to a non-participant, or uses a dangerous instrument.

§ 202.02. Trespass. A person is guilty of Trespass when they unlawfully enter or remain in a building or other fenced area. This offense is more severe if the property is government-owned or if the person is in possession of a deadly weapon.

§ 203. Other Property Crimes

§ 203.01. Unlawful Possession of an Access Device. A person is guilty of Unlawful Possession of an Access Device when they possess any device capable of accessing a secured government facility, office, or property.

§ 203.02. Criminal Mischief. A person is guilty of Criminal Mischief when they intentionally or recklessly damage the property of another.

§ 203.03. Criminal Tampering. A person is guilty of Criminal Tampering when, without having the right to do so, they tamper with the property of another.

§ 203.04. Reckless Endangerment of Property. A person is guilty of Reckless Endangerment of Property when they engage in conduct that creates a substantial risk of damage to the property of another.

§ 203.05. Arson. A person is guilty of Arson when they intentionally or recklessly cause an explosion or fire.

CHAPTER 3. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER AND PUBLIC SERVANTS

§ 301. Crimes Against Public Servants and the Judicial System

§ 301.01. Criminal Impersonation. A person is guilty of Criminal Impersonation when they pretend to be a public servant or a representative of an organization with the intent to gain a benefit or defraud another. This is more severe when pretending to be a law enforcement officer.

§ 301.02. Bribery. A person is guilty of Bribery when they confer or offer a benefit to a public servant to influence their official actions. A public servant is also guilty of this offense when they solicit or accept such a benefit.

§ 301.03. Obstructing Governmental Administration. A person is guilty of Obstructing Governmental Administration when they obstruct, impair, or prevent the administration of law or other government function by intimidation, physical force, interference, or any independently unlawful act.

§ 301.04. Obstructing Emergency Services. A person is guilty of Obstructing Emergency Services when they obstruct a public servant from performing their duties in extinguishing a fire, providing emergency medical care, or responding to circumstances of imminent danger.

§ 301.05. Resisting Arrest. A person is guilty of Resisting Arrest when they intentionally prevent or attempt to prevent a law enforcement officer from making an arrest.

§ 301.06. Escape. A person is guilty of Escape when they escape from custody. This offense is more severe if they escape from a correctional facility or were charged with or convicted of a felony.

§ 301.07. Tampering with Physical Evidence. A person is guilty of Tampering with Physical Evidence when they knowingly create or use false evidence, or conceal, alter, or destroy evidence to prevent it from being used in a legal proceeding.

§ 301.08. Tampering with a Witness. A person is guilty of Tampering with a Witness when they act in a manner to induce a witness to not appear or testify, or knowingly make a false statement to affect a witness's testimony.

§ 301.09. Perjury. A person is guilty of Perjury when they swear falsely.

§ 301.10. Making a False Written Statement. A person is guilty of Making a False Written Statement when they make a false statement in a written instrument that they do not believe to be true.

§ 301.11. Criminal Contempt. A person is guilty of Criminal Contempt when they engage in disorderly or insolent behavior in court, breach the peace, intentionally disobey a court order, or refuse to be sworn in as a witness.

§ 302. Public Order Crimes

§ 302.01. Riot and Unlawful Assembly. A person is guilty of Riot when, along with four or more other people, they engage in tumultuous and violent conduct that creates a grave risk of public alarm. A person is guilty of Unlawful Assembly when they assemble with four or more people to engage in such conduct. A person is guilty of Inciting to Riot when they urge others to engage in such conduct.

§ 302.02. Public Intoxication. A person is guilty of Public Intoxication when they appear in a public place under the influence of any drug, including alcohol, to a degree that they may endanger themselves, others, or property.

§ 302.03. Criminal Nuisance. A person is guilty of Criminal Nuisance when they knowingly or recklessly create or maintain a condition that endangers the safety or health of others, or maintain premises where people gather to engage in unlawful conduct.

§ 302.04. Falsely Reporting an Incident. A person is guilty of Falsely Reporting an Incident when they knowingly initiate or circulate a false report or warning of an alleged crime, catastrophe, or emergency.

§ 302.05. Improper Use of Emergency Communications Systems. A person is guilty of Improper Use of Emergency Communications Systems when they communicate on a government-owned or operated emergency communications system for a purpose other than reporting an emergency.

§ 303. Traffic Violations

§ 303.01. Traffic Control Violations. A person must comply with traffic control devices and must not avoid an intersection or traffic-control device by driving off the roadway.

§ 303.02. Lane and Right-of-Way Violations. Drivers must keep to the rightmost lane except when passing, overtaking, or when the roadway has multiple lanes for travel in the same direction. Drivers must also maintain their lane and yield to passing vehicles.

§ 303.03. Reckless Driving. Drivers must not operate a vehicle in a manner that obstructs the free use of a roadway or unreasonably endangers others.

§ 303.04. Speeding. Drivers must not exceed the posted speed limit.

§ 303.05. Impeding Traffic. Drivers must not operate a vehicle at a speed at least fifteen miles per hour less than the posted speed limit unless required by other laws.

§ 303.06. Failing to Yield to Emergency Vehicles. Drivers must pull over and stop for an emergency vehicle with activated lights and/or sirens. Drivers must also slow down or move over when passing a stopped emergency vehicle with activated lights.

§ 303.07. Driving Under the Influence. A person must not operate a motor vehicle under the influence of any drug, including alcohol.

§ 303.08. Driving without a License. A person must possess the required license to operate a motor vehicle.

§ 303.09. Vehicle Condition and Maintenance. A person must drive with functioning headlights and rear lights and must not operate an unroadworthy vehicle. It is also a violation to leave a vehicle unattended with the engine running.

§ 303.10. Hit and Run. A driver who knows or has cause to know that damage has been caused in an accident must not leave the scene.

§ 303.11. Jaywalking. Pedestrians must not cross a street in a position that is not marked as a pedestrian crossing. Pedestrians must also not walk on a public roadway where sidewalks are provided.