Latest revision as of 16:40, 8 August 2025

Lakeside Valley Penal Code

Governing Laws and Offenses for the State of Lakeside Valley

Disclaimer

The following laws serve as an interim legal framework until a formal Department of Justice (DoJ) is established to oversee and manage legislative matters. These statutes are subject to revision and may be updated as the legal system develops.

Chapter I: Felony

§100.00. Aggravated Murder

A person is guilty of aggravated murder if: A. With intent to cause the death of another person, they cause the death of such person or a third person, where: (i) The intended victim was a police officer engaged in their official duties; or (ii) The intended victim was a firefighter, emergency medical technician, or any other person performing emergency response services engaged in their official duties. [Class A Felony]

§100.01. Murder in the First Degree

A person is guilty of murder in the first degree if: A. With intent to cause the death of another person, they cause the death of such person or a third person, and: (i) The intended victim was a witness to a crime and was killed to prevent testimony or in retaliation for testimony; or (ii) The intended victim was killed during the commission or attempted commission of a Class B Felony or greater; or (iii) The defendant acted in expectation of receiving anything of value; or (iv) The intended victim was a judge or other court officer engaged in official duties; or (v) The killing was done under orders from or for the benefit of a criminal organization. [Class A Felony]

§100.02. Murder in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of murder in the second degree if: A. With intent to cause death of another person, they cause the death of such person or a third person, without circumstances qualifying for first-degree murder. [Class A Felony].

§100.03. Aggravated Manslaughter

A person is guilty of aggravated manslaughter if: A. With intent to cause serious physical injury, they cause the death of such person or a third person, and: (i) The intended victim was a police officer engaged in their official duties; or (ii) The intended victim was a firefighter, emergency medical technician, or other emergency responder engaged in their official duties. [Class B Felony]

§100.04. Manslaughter in the First Degree

A person is guilty of manslaughter in the first degree if: A. With intent to cause serious physical injury, they cause the death of such person or a third person. [Class B Felony]

§100.05. Manslaughter in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of manslaughter in the second degree if: A. They recklessly cause the death of another person. [Class C Felony]

§100.06. Vehicular Manslaughter in the First Degree

A person is guilty of vehicular manslaughter in the first degree if: A. While operating a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft under the influence of alcohol or any controlled substance, they cause the death of another person. [Class C Felony]

§100.07. Vehicular Manslaughter in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of vehicular manslaughter in the second degree if: A. While operating a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft, they recklessly cause the death of another person. [Class D Felony]

§100.10. Aggravated Assault in the First Degree

A person is guilty of aggravated assault in the first degree if: A. With intent to cause serious physical injury, they cause such injury to a person or third person, and: (i) The intended victim was a police officer engaged in their official duties; or (ii) The intended victim was a firefighter, emergency medical technician, or other emergency responder engaged in their official duties. [Class C Felony]

§100.11. Aggravated Assault in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of aggravated assault in the second degree if: A. With intent to prevent a police officer, firefighter, emergency medical technician, or other emergency responder from performing their duties, they cause physical injury to such person. [Class D Felony]

§100.12. Assault on a Judge

A person is guilty of assault on a judge if: A. With intent to cause physical injury, they cause such injury for the purpose of preventing a judge or court officer from performing their duties. [Class C Felony]

§100.13. Assault in the First Degree

A person is guilty of assault in the first degree if: A. With intent to cause serious physical injury, they cause such injury to another person, and: (i) They use a deadly or dangerous instrument; or (ii) The injury is caused during the commission or attempted commission of a felony, or during immediate flight from such crime. [Class D Felony]

§100.14. Assault in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of assault in the second degree if: A. With intent to cause physical injury, they cause such injury to another person or third person in the course of committing or attempting a felony or immediate flight therefrom. [Class E Felony]

§100.16. Vehicular Assault in the First Degree

A person is guilty of vehicular assault in the first degree if: A. While operating a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol or controlled substances, they cause serious physical injury to another person. [Class E Felony]

§100.17. Vehicular Assault in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of vehicular assault in the second degree if: A. While operating a motor vehicle, they cause serious physical injury to another person. [Class F Felony]

§100.18. Menacing a Police Officer

A person is guilty of menacing a police officer if: A. They intentionally place a police officer in reasonable fear of physical injury by displaying a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, knowing the victim is a police officer engaged in official duties. [Class E Felony]

§100.21. Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree

A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree if: A. Under circumstances evincing depraved indifference to human life, they recklessly engage in conduct creating a grave risk of death to another person. [Class F Felony]

§100.26. Kidnapping in the First Degree

A person is guilty of kidnapping in the first degree if they abduct another person where: A. Their intent is to compel a third person to deliver money or property as ransom, aid in the commission of a felony, or to refrain from engaging in a particular conduct; or B. They inflict physical injury upon the person or interfere with the performance of a governmental function; or C. The person dies during the abduction or before being returned safely. [Class B Felony]

§100.27. Kidnapping in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of kidnapping in the second degree if they abduct another person. [Class C Felony]

§100.28. Unlawful Imprisonment in the First Degree

A person is guilty of unlawful imprisonment in the first degree if they restrain another person under circumstances which expose such person to a risk of serious physical injury. [Class D Felony]

§101.00. Grand Larceny in the First Degree

A person is guilty of grand larceny in the first degree if they steal property where: A. The value of the property exceeds one million dollars. [Class B Felony]

§101.01. Grand Larceny in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of grand larceny in the second degree if: A. The value of the property exceeds one hundred thousand dollars; or B. The property, regardless of its nature or value, is obtained by extortion; or C. The property consists of a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft; or D. The property consists of an access device used to enter premises unlawfully. [Class C Felony]

§101.02. Grand Larceny in the Third Degree

A person is guilty of grand larceny in the third degree if they steal property where: A. The value of the property exceeds three thousand dollars; or B. The property is a public record, writing, or instrument in the keeping of any public office or servant; or C. The property is obtained by extortion; or D. The property consists of one or more firearms; or E. The property consists of a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft; or F. The property consists of an access device used to enter premises unlawfully. [Class D Felony]

§101.05. Robbery in the First Degree

A person is guilty of robbery in the first degree if: A. They forcibly steal property in the course of committing a crime or immediate flight therefrom and: (i) Cause serious physical injury to a person who is not a participant; or (ii) Are armed with a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument. [Class B Felony]

§101.06. Robbery in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of robbery in the second degree if: A. They forcibly steal property and: (i) They are aided by another person actually present; or (ii) Cause physical injury to a person not participating in the offense; or (iii) The property consists of a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft. [Class C Felony]

§101.07. Robbery in the Third Degree

A person is guilty of robbery in the third degree if they forcibly steal property without the aggravating factors listed in higher degrees. [Class D Felony]

§101.08. Unauthorized Use of a Vehicle in the First Degree

A person is guilty of unauthorized use of a vehicle in the first degree if they, knowing they do not have the owner’s consent, take, operate, or otherwise use a motor vehicle with the intent to use it in the commission of a crime, or in the course, commission, or flight therefrom. [Class D Felony]

§101.12. Possession of Stolen Property in the First Degree

A person is guilty of possession of stolen property in the first degree if they knowingly possess stolen property where: A. The value exceeds one hundred thousand dollars; or B. The property consists of one or more firearms; or C. The property consists of a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft. [Class C Felony]

§102.00. Burglary in the First Degree

A person is guilty of burglary in the first degree if they: A. Enter or remain unlawfully in a dwelling with intent to commit a crime therein and, in effecting entry or while in the dwelling or immediate flight therefrom, they or another participant: (i) Cause physical injury to a person not participating in the crime; or (ii) Use or threaten the immediate use of a dangerous instrument. [Class C Felony]

§102.01. Burglary in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of burglary in the second degree if they: A. Enter or remain unlawfully in a building with intent to commit a crime therein and, in effecting entry or immediate flight therefrom, they or another participant: (i) Cause physical injury to a person not participating in the crime; or (ii) Use or threaten the immediate use of a dangerous instrument. [Class D Felony]

§102.02. Burglary in the Third Degree

A person is guilty of burglary in the third degree if they knowingly enter or remain unlawfully in a building with intent to commit a crime therein. [Class D Felony]

§102.04. Unlawful Possession of an Access Device

A person is guilty of unlawful possession of an access device if they possess any access device capable of transmitting any frequency or otherwise gaining access to a door, gate, or entryway to a building, structure, or facility without permission. [Class D Felony]

§103.10. Criminal Trespass

A person is guilty of criminal trespass if they: A. Enter or remain unlawfully in a building or fenced/enclosed area; or B. Possess or carry a dangerous or deadly weapon. [Class D Felony]

§103.14. Criminal Impersonation in the First Degree

A person is guilty of criminal impersonation in the first degree if they pretend to be a police officer or public servant with intent to induce another to submit to such pretended authority or act in reliance upon it. [Class C Felony]

§103.18. Criminal Use of an Access Device

A person is guilty of criminal use of an access device if they use any device to unlawfully gain access to a door, gate, or other entryway to a building, structure, or facility without permission. [Class C Felony]

§104.05. Bribery or Bribe Receiving

A person is guilty of bribery or bribe receiving if they: A. Confer, offer, or agree to confer any benefit upon a public servant upon an agreement or understanding that such public servant’s vote, opinion, judgment, action, decision, or exercise of discretion will thereby be influenced; or B. Being a public servant, solicit, accept, or agree to accept any benefit from another person upon such an agreement or understanding. [Class D Felony]

§104.08. Escape in the First Degree

A person is guilty of escape in the first degree if, having been arrested for, charged with, or convicted of a felony, they escape from custody. [Class C Felony]

§104.20. Tampering with Physical Evidence

A person is guilty of tampering with physical evidence if, with intent that it be used in an official proceeding or prospective official proceeding, they: A. Knowingly make, devise, produce, or prepare physical evidence they know to be false; or B. Believe certain physical evidence is about to be produced or used in an official proceeding and suppress it by concealment, alteration, destruction, or other means; or C. Employ force, intimidation, or deception against a person to prevent production of evidence. [Class C Felony]

§105.00. Possession of a Controlled Substance in the First Degree

A person is guilty of possession of a controlled substance in the first degree if they knowingly possess any controlled substance in an amount of twenty units or more. [Class C Felony]

§105.01. Possession of a Controlled Substance in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of possession of a controlled substance in the second degree if they knowingly possess any controlled substance in an amount between ten and twenty units. [Class D Felony]

§105.03. Sale of a Controlled Substance in the First Degree

A person is guilty of sale of a controlled substance in the first degree if they knowingly sell any controlled substance in an amount of twenty units or more. [Class B Felony]

§105.04. Sale of a Controlled Substance in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of sale of a controlled substance in the second degree if they knowingly sell any controlled substance in an amount between ten and twenty units. [Class C Felony]

§105.05. Sale of a Controlled Substance in the Third Degree

A person is guilty of sale of a controlled substance in the third degree if they knowingly sell any controlled substance in an amount up to ten units. [Class C Felony]

§105.07. Possession of Precursors of Controlled Substances

A person is guilty of possession of precursors of controlled substances if they knowingly possess any such precursor chemicals with intent to manufacture a controlled substance. [Class D Felony]

§106.00. Riot in the First Degree

A person is guilty of riot in the first degree if: A. They engage with seven or more persons in tumultuous and violent conduct creating grave risk of public alarm, and in the course of and as a result cause serious physical injury or property damage; or B. While in a correctional facility, with four or more other persons, engage in tumultuous and violent conduct, intentionally or recklessly causing grave risk of such conduct, and as a result cause serious physical injury or property damage. [Class C Felony]

§106.04. Criminal Anarchy

A person is guilty of criminal anarchy if they: A. Advocate for the overthrow of the existing government by violence; or B. Distribute any document which advocates such overthrow; or C. Become a member of any organization advocating violent overthrow. [Class D Felony]

§106.11. Falsely Reporting an Incident in the First Degree

A person is guilty of falsely reporting an incident in the first degree if, knowing the information is false, they initiate or circulate a false report of: A. An impending occurrence of a fire, explosion, or release of hazardous substance; or B. A crime involving danger to human life. [Class D Felony]

§106.14. Placing a False Bomb or Hazardous Substance

A person is guilty of placing a false bomb or hazardous substance if they place or cause to be placed any object that appears to be or claims to contain an explosive, destructive device, or hazardous substance, but is in fact harmless. [Class D Felony]

§108.00. Terrorism

A person is guilty of terrorism if, with intent to coerce or intimidate government or civilians, they commit or threaten to commit a crime involving murder, kidnapping, or a serious offense, thereby causing reasonable expectation of the offense. [Class A Felony]

§108.01. Making a Terroristic Threat

A person is guilty of making a terroristic threat if, with intent to coerce or intimidate, they threaten to commit a serious offense and thereby cause reasonable expectation of the offense. [Class D Felony]

§108.02. Criminal Possession of a Dangerous Weapon in the First Degree

A person is guilty of criminal possession of a dangerous weapon in the first degree if they possess: A. Any explosive substance; or B. Three or more firearms; or C. One or more class one firearms. [Class C Felony]

§108.03. Criminal Possession of a Weapon in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree if they possess: A. Two or more class three firearms; or B. One or more class two firearms. [Class D Felony]

§108.04. Criminal Possession of a Weapon in the Third Degree

A person is guilty of criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree if they possess one or more class three firearms. [Class D Felony]

§108.05. Criminal Possession of a Weapon in the Fourth Degree

A person is guilty of criminal possession of a weapon in the fourth degree if they possess any class one firearm or dangerous instrument. [Class E Felony]

§108.06. Criminal Use of a Firearm in the First Degree

A person is guilty of criminal use of a firearm in the first degree if they display what appears to be a pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, machine gun, or other firearm in the commission of a felony. [Class E Felony]

§108.07. Criminal Use of a Firearm in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of criminal use of a firearm in the second degree if they display what appears to be a pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, machine gun, or other firearm in the commission of a misdemeanor. [Class E Felony]

§108.08. Trafficking of a Dangerous Weapon in the First Degree

A person is guilty of trafficking of a dangerous weapon in the first degree if they manufacture or transport any class one firearm or explosive substance. [Class D Felony]

§108.09. Trafficking of a Weapon in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of trafficking of a weapon in the second degree if they manufacture or transport any class two firearm. [Class E Felony]

§108.10. Trafficking of a Weapon in the Third Degree

A person is guilty of trafficking of a weapon in the third degree if they manufacture or transport any class three firearm or large-capacity ammunition feeding device. [Class E Felony]

§108.11. Criminal Sale of a Weapon

A person is guilty of criminal sale of a weapon if they sell, exchange, give, or dispose of a firearm or large-capacity ammunition feeding device to another person, or possess such an item with the intent to sell, exchange, give, or dispose of it. [Class D Felony]

§108.16. Fleeing from a Police Officer in a Motor Vehicle, Vessel, or Aircraft in the First Degree

A person is guilty of fleeing from a police officer in the first degree if, knowing they have been directed to stop by a police officer or by the activation of the lights and/or sirens of a police vehicle, they flee and cause serious physical injury to another person or the police officer. [Class D Felony]

§108.17. Fleeing from a Police Officer in a Motor Vehicle, Vessel, or Aircraft in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of fleeing from a police officer in the second degree if, knowing they have been directed to stop by a police officer or by the activation of the lights and/or sirens of a police vehicle, they flee without causing serious physical injury. [Class E Felony]

§110.37. Leaving the Scene of an Accident Involving Serious Physical Injury or Death

A person is guilty of leaving the scene of an accident involving serious physical injury or death if, being the operator of a motor vehicle and knowing such an accident occurred, they leave without displaying identification to the injured person and a police officer. [Class E Felony]

§111.04. Operating a Vessel or Aircraft Under the Influence of Drugs Including Alcohol

A person is guilty of operating a vessel or aircraft under the influence of drugs, alcohol, or both. [Class E Felony]

§111.06. Scuttling

A person is guilty of scuttling if they intentionally sink or otherwise destroy a vessel. [Class E Felony]

§111.09. Poaching

A person is guilty of poaching if they kill or possess any endangered wildlife. [Class E Felony]

Chapter II: Misdemeanor

§100.00. Assault in the Third Degree

A person is guilty of assault in the third degree if, with intent to cause physical injury, they cause such injury to a person or a third person.

§100.15. Menacing in the First Degree

A person is guilty of menacing in the first degree if they: A. Intentionally place or attempt to place another person in reasonable fear of physical injury, serious physical injury, or death by displaying a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument; or B. Repeatedly follow a person or engage in a course of conduct or repeatedly commit acts over a period of time intentionally placing or attempting to place another person in reasonable fear of physical injury, serious physical injury, or death; or C. Commit the crime of §100.20 menacing in the second degree against a person who possesses an active restraining order or order of protection against them.

§100.19. Menacing in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of menacing in the second degree if, by physical menace, they intentionally place or attempt to place another person in reasonable fear of physical injury, serious physical injury, or death.

§100.20. Reckless Endangerment in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the second degree if, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, they recklessly engage in conduct which creates a grave risk of serious physical injury to another person.

§100.22. Stalking in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of stalking in the second degree if, with intent to harass, annoy, or alarm a specific person, they intentionally engage in conduct likely to cause such person reasonable fear of physical injury, serious physical injury, risk of kidnapping, unlawful imprisonment, or death.

§100.24. Stalking in the Third Degree

A person is guilty of stalking in the third degree if they intentionally engage in conduct directed at a specific person that is likely to cause reasonable fear of material harm to their physical health, safety, or property.

§100.25. Unlawful Imprisonment in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of unlawful imprisonment in the second degree if they restrain another person.

§100.29. Petit Larceny

A person is guilty of petit larceny if they steal property.

§101.03. Unauthorized Use of a Vehicle in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of unauthorized use of a vehicle in the second degree if they: A. Take, operate, exercise control over, or otherwise use a vehicle without the owner’s consent; or B. Retain possession of a vehicle pursuant to an agreement or service, using or operating it without consent; or C. Retain possession of a vehicle pursuant to an agreement, using or operating it after a specified time, in a manner constituting a gross deviation from the agreement.

§101.09. Auto Stripping

A person is guilty of auto stripping if they intentionally destroy, dismantle, or remove any part of a vehicle.

§101.10. Theft of Services

A person is guilty of theft of services if, with intent to avoid payment, they obtain services and refuse to pay a fee previously agreed to before obtaining such service.

§101.11. Possession of Stolen Property in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of possession of stolen property in the second degree if they knowingly possess stolen property.

§101.13. Misapplication of Property

A person is guilty of misapplication of property if, when possessing property under an agreement to return it, they: A. Loan, lease, pledge, pawn, or otherwise encumber such property without the consent of the owner; or B. Dispose of the property without the consent of the owner.

§101.14. Possession of Burglary Tools

A person is guilty of possession of burglary tools if they knowingly possess any tool, instrument, or other article adapted or commonly used for committing or facilitating offenses involving forcible entry into premises or offenses involving larceny.

§102.03. Trespass

A person is guilty of trespass if they enter or remain unlawfully in a building or other fenced or otherwise enclosed area.

§102.06. Criminal Mischief in the Third Degree

A person is guilty of criminal mischief in the third degree if they intentionally or recklessly damage property of another person.

§102.09. Criminal Tampering

A person is guilty of criminal tampering if, having no right to do so nor any reasonable ground to believe they have such right, they tamper with property of another person.

§102.10. Reckless Endangerment of Property

A person is guilty of reckless endangerment of property if they engage in conduct creating a substantial risk of damage to the property of another person.

§102.11. Arson in the Fourth Degree

A person is guilty of arson in the fourth degree if they intentionally or recklessly cause an explosion or fire.

§102.16. False Personation

A person is guilty of false personation if, after being informed of the consequences of such an act, they misrepresent or fail to provide their actual name, date of birth, or address to a police officer or in a form of identification when lawfully required to do so.

§103.13. Criminal Impersonation in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of criminal impersonation in the second degree if they: A. Impersonate another and act in such assumed character with intent to benefit or to injure or defraud another person; or B. Pretend to be a representative of some person, enterprise, or organization and act with intent to obtain benefits, injure, or defraud another person; or C. Pretend to be a public servant, or wear/displays without authority any uniform, badge, insignia, or facsimile thereof by which such public servant is lawfully distinguished, or falsely express words or actions implying approval or authority of public office.

§103.15. Criminal Sale of a Public Office Uniform

A person is guilty of criminal sale of a public office uniform if they sell a uniform of a public office without valid identification or showing the purchaser to be a member of such public office.

§103.16. Criminal Possession of a Public Office Uniform or Equipment

A person is guilty of criminal possession of a public office uniform or equipment if, without authorization, they possess the uniform or specialized equipment of such public office.

§103.17. Unauthorized Radio Transmission

A person is guilty of unauthorized radio transmission if they knowingly make or cause to be made a radio transmission on a frequency assigned and licensed to a public office without authorization from such office.

§103.19. Official Misconduct

A person is guilty of official misconduct if, when a public servant: A. Commits an act relating to their office but constituting an unauthorized exercise of their official duties, knowing such act is unauthorized; or B. Refrains from performing a duty they are required by law to perform, knowing such omission is unauthorized.

§104.00. Obstructing Government Administration

A person is guilty of obstructing government administration if they obstruct, impair, or prevent the administration of law or other government function, or prevent or attempt to prevent a public servant from performing an official duty by means of: A. Intimidation, physical force, or interference; or B. Interfering with radio, telephone, or other telecommunications systems owned or operated by the state.

§104.02. Obstructing Firefighting or Emergency Medical Services

A person is guilty of obstructing firefighting or emergency medical services if they: A. Extinguish a fire or prevent/discourage another from extinguishing or helping to extinguish a fire; or B. Perform an act that creates imminent danger to emergency responders by interfering with firefighting or EMS duties; or C. Perform emergency services without proper training, endangering persons or property.

§104.03. Receiving Unlawful Gratuities

A person is guilty of receiving unlawful gratuities if, when a public servant, they accept a benefit for having engaged in official conduct for which they were not entitled to receive additional compensation.

§104.06. Escape in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of escape in the second degree if they knowingly and unlawfully escape from a correctional facility or custody while being held for a misdemeanor or violation.

§104.09. Promoting Prison Contraband

A person is guilty of promoting prison contraband if they knowingly and unlawfully introduce or possess any prohibited item in a correctional facility.

§104.10. Resisting Arrest

A person is guilty of resisting arrest if they intentionally prevent or attempt to prevent a police officer from effecting an authorized arrest on themselves or another person.

§104.11. Hindering Prosecution

A person is guilty of hindering prosecution if they render criminal assistance to a person who has committed a felony.

§104.12. Perjury in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of perjury in the second degree if they swear falsely in a legally authorized form, knowing the statement is false.

§104.14. Making a False Written Statement

A person is guilty of making a false written statement if they make a statement they do not believe to be true, in a written instrument bearing a legally authorized form notice that false statements made therein are punishable.

§104.15. Tampering with a Witness

A person is guilty of tampering with a witness if they: A. Induce or attempt to induce a witness to absent themselves from, or otherwise avoid, appearing or testifying; or B. Knowingly make a false statement or practice any fraud or deceit with intent to affect the testimony of such witness.

§104.17. Compounding a Crime

A person is guilty of compounding a crime if they: A. Solicit, accept, or agree to accept any benefit upon an agreement or understanding that they will refrain from initiating prosecution for a crime; or B. Confer, offer, or agree to confer any benefit upon another person upon an agreement that such person will refrain from initiating prosecution for a crime.

§104.21. Criminal Contempt in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of criminal contempt in the second degree if they engage in any of the following conduct: A. Disorderly, contemptuous, or insolent behavior committed during the sitting of a court, in its immediate view and presence, that interrupts proceedings or impairs respect due to its authority; or B. Breach of the peace, noise, or other disturbance directly tending to interrupt a court’s proceedings; or C. Intentional disobedience or resistance to the lawful process or other mandate of a court; or D. Contumacious and unlawful refusal to be sworn as a witness in any court proceeding or after being sworn to answer any legal or proper interrogatory; or E. Knowingly publishing a false or inaccurate report of a court’s proceedings; or F. Within a courthouse or its grounds, engaging in loud or disruptive conduct, displaying placards or signs, or distributing written material concerning the conduct of a trial being held therein, with the intent to influence proceedings.

§104.23. Possession of a Controlled Substance in the Third Degree

A person is guilty of possession of a controlled substance in the third degree if they knowingly possess any controlled substance in an amount up to ten units.

§105.02. Possession of Drug Paraphernalia

A person is guilty of possession of drug paraphernalia if they knowingly possess any drug paraphernalia.

§105.06. Promoting Unlawful Gambling

A person is guilty of promoting unlawful gambling if they knowingly advance or profit from unlawful gambling activity.

§105.08. Manipulation of Gambling Outcomes

A person is guilty of manipulation of gambling outcomes if, at an authorized gambling establishment, they alter or misrepresent the outcome of a game or bet, or make the outcome other than as made sure or apparent to be to players.

§105.09. Riot in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of riot in the second degree if, simultaneously with four or more other persons, they engage in tumultuous and violent conduct and thereby intentionally or recklessly cause or create a grave risk of causing public alarm.

§106.01. Inciting to Riot

A person is guilty of inciting to riot if they urge seven or more other persons to engage in tumultuous and violent conduct of a kind likely to create public alarm.

§106.02. Unlawful Assembly

A person is guilty of unlawful assembly if, with four or more other persons, they assemble with intent to engage in tumultuous and violent conduct likely to cause public alarm, or remain at such an assembly once it has developed toward that purpose.

§106.03. Disorderly Conduct

A person is guilty of disorderly conduct if, with intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance, or alarm, or recklessly creating risk thereof, they engage in: A. Fighting or threatening behavior; or B. Making unreasonable noise or obscene gestures in a public place; or C. Refusing to comply with a lawful order to disperse; or D. Obstructing vehicular or pedestrian traffic; or E. Creating a hazardous or physically offensive condition with no legitimate purpose.

§106.05. Harassment in the First Degree

A person is guilty of harassment in the first degree if, with intent to harass, annoy, or alarm another person, they: A. Follow a person in public or repeatedly commit acts which place such person in reasonable fear of physical injury; or B. Engage in a course of conduct or repeatedly commit acts which seriously alarm or annoy such person and which serve no legitimate purpose.

§106.07. Harassment in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of harassment in the second degree if, with intent to harass, annoy, or alarm another person, they: A. Strike, shove, kick, or otherwise subject such person to physical contact, or attempt or threaten to do the same; or B. Follow such person in or about a public place; or C. Engage in a course of conduct or repeatedly commit acts which alarm or seriously annoy such person and which serve no legitimate purpose.

§106.08. Public Intoxication

A person is guilty of public intoxication if they appear in a public place under the influence of alcohol to the degree that they may endanger themselves, other persons, or property.

§106.09. Criminal Nuisance

A person is guilty of criminal nuisance if they knowingly or recklessly create or maintain a condition that endangers the safety or health of others, or if they conduct or maintain any premises where persons gather for purposes of unlawful conduct.

§106.10. Falsely Reporting an Incident in the Second Degree

A person is guilty of falsely reporting an incident in the second degree if, knowing the information is false, they initiate or circulate a false report or warning of an alleged occurrence or impending occurrence of a fire, crime, catastrophe, or emergency.

§106.12. Improper Use of Emergency Communications Systems

A person is guilty of improper use of emergency communications systems if they use government-owned or operated emergency communications systems for any purpose other than the reporting of an emergency.

§106.13. Possession of a Large Capacity Ammunition Feeding Device

A person is guilty of possession of a large capacity ammunition feeding device if they possess such a device.

§108.12. Identity Concealment

A person is guilty of identity concealment if they conceal their face while within: A. A city or city limits; or B. Government-owned premises; or C. A private business where the owner has requested removal of a concealing item.

§108.13. Unlawful Wearing of a Body Armor Vest

A person is guilty of unlawful wearing of a body armor vest if they wear such vest during the commission of any felony involving the possession or use of a firearm.

§110.15. Speeding in Excess of the Speed Limit by Thirty Miles Per Hour

A person is guilty of speeding in excess of the speed limit by thirty miles per hour or more if they operate a motor vehicle in violation of posted speed limits by that amount or greater.

§110.13. Motor Vehicle Contest

A person is guilty of motor vehicle contest if they compete with another person in a race on a public roadway or attempt to reach the highest speed, fastest time, or other contest using a motor vehicle on a public roadway.

§110.18. Driving Under the Influence

A person is guilty of driving under the influence if they operate a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or any drug.

§110.19. Refusal to Take a Sobriety Test

A person is guilty of refusal to take a sobriety test if they refuse to take a field or other sobriety test when lawfully requested to do so by a police officer.

§110.20. Reckless or Dangerous Driving

A person is guilty of reckless or dangerous driving if they operate a motor vehicle in a manner which unreasonably endangers users of the roadway or obstructs its safe use.

§110.21. Obstructing a Roadway

A person is guilty of obstructing a roadway if they place any obstacle or thing on a roadway that would obstruct traffic or cause danger to road users, or if they cause a user of the roadway reasonable belief such object may obstruct travel.

§110.30. Leaving the Scene of an Accident

A person is guilty of leaving the scene of an accident if they are involved in a motor vehicle accident and, knowing damage has occurred to the property of another person, they leave the scene without providing identification to the injured party and a police officer.

§110.35. Leaving the Scene of an Accident Involving Physical Injury

A person is guilty of leaving the scene of an accident involving physical injury if they are involved in a motor vehicle accident and, knowing physical injury has occurred to another person, they leave the scene without providing identification to the injured party and a police officer.

§110.36. Reckless or Dangerous Operation of a Vessel or Aircraft

A person is guilty of reckless or dangerous operation of a vessel or aircraft if they operate any vessel or aircraft in a manner which unreasonably endangers other people.

§111.07. Operating a Vessel or Aircraft Without a License

A person is guilty of operating a vessel or aircraft without a license if they operate any vessel or aircraft without the required license.

Chapter III: Violations

§110.00. Failing to Comply with a Traffic Control Device

A person is guilty of failing to comply with a traffic control device if they fail to stop or yield where such a sign is posted.

§110.01. Jaywalking

A person is guilty of jaywalking if they cross a street as a pedestrian where such crossing occurs in a position on a roadway that is not marked or designated as a pedestrian crossing.

§110.02. Failure to Keep Right

A person is guilty of failure to keep right if they fail to keep to the right-hand side of a roadway except when: A. Passing or overtaking a vehicle; or B. Operating on a one-way roadway; or C. Operating where the roadway is restricted for a specific direction; or D. The vehicle is moving at a speed equal to or within five miles per hour of the speed limit.

§110.03. Passing or Overtaking on the Right

A person is guilty of passing or overtaking on the right if they pass or overtake a vehicle on the right-hand side, except when the vehicle is indicating or obviously preparing to make a left-hand turn.

§110.04. Failing to Give Way to a Passing Vehicle

A person is guilty of failing to give way to a passing vehicle if, when being passed, they fail to give the passing vehicle the right of way to return to the rightmost lane.

§110.05. Failing to Designate or Maintain Lane

A person is guilty of failing to designate or maintain lane if they fail to stay within the marked lines of their lane when driving in a lane appropriate for their speed and direction of travel.

§110.06. Following Too Closely

A person is guilty of following too closely if they follow another vehicle at a distance where, if the vehicle ahead stopped suddenly, they would collide with it or create undue risk to roadway users.

§110.08. Driving Offroad or on Pavement Other than a Roadway

A person is guilty of driving offroad or on pavement other than a roadway if they operate a motor vehicle off paved, gravel, or dirt roads at speeds exceeding twenty miles per hour where the vehicle is not designated for offroading.

§110.09. Failure to Yield to Emergency Vehicle

A person is guilty of failure to yield to an emergency vehicle if they fail to come to a stop parallel to the rightmost lane and off the roadway where an emergency vehicle is proceeding with emergency lights and/or sirens activated.

§110.10. Failure to Slow or Move Over for an Emergency Vehicle

A person is guilty of failure to slow or move over for an emergency vehicle if they: A. Fail to slow to a speed of twenty miles per hour or less when passing a stopped emergency vehicle with activated emergency lights; or B. Fail to move over one lane opposite the location of a stopped emergency vehicle, when passing, on a roadway with more than one lane in the same direction.

§110.11. Failure to Exercise Due Care to Avoid Collision with a Pedestrian or Animal

A person is guilty of failure to exercise due care to avoid collision with a pedestrian or animal if they fail to slow, move, or stop when a pedestrian or animal is on a roadway.

§110.12. Walking on a Public Roadway

A person is guilty of walking on a public roadway if they walk improperly on a roadway where sidewalks are provided or, where sidewalks are not provided, fail to walk on the side facing traffic.

§110.14. Speeding in Excess of the Speed Limit by Twenty Miles Per Hour

A person is guilty of speeding in excess of the speed limit by twenty miles per hour if they operate a motor vehicle at a speed exceeding the posted speed limit by that amount.

§110.15. Speeding in Excess of the Speed Limit by Ten Miles Per Hour

A person is guilty of speeding in excess of the speed limit by ten miles per hour if they operate a motor vehicle at a speed exceeding the posted speed limit by that amount.

§110.16. Speeding in Excess of the Speed Limit

A person is guilty of speeding in excess of the speed limit if they operate a motor vehicle at a speed exceeding the posted limit.

§110.17. Impeding Traffic

A person is guilty of impeding traffic if they operate a motor vehicle at less than the posted speed limit by at least fifteen miles per hour, except where reduced speed is necessary for safe operation.

§110.22. Parking a Vehicle in a Reserved Parking Zone

A person is guilty of parking a vehicle in a reserved parking zone if, without authorization, they park in a location designated as an emergency vehicle or other restricted zone.

§110.23. Stopping a Vehicle in a No Stopping Zone

A person is guilty of stopping a vehicle in a no stopping zone if they: A. Obstruct the free movement of traffic in such zone; or B. Stop on government property such as in front of Fisher’s Island Fire Rescue and EMS; or C. Stop on a public parking lot; or D. Stop on private property without permission of the owner.

§110.24. Following Emergency Vehicles

A person is guilty of following emergency vehicles if they drive behind an emergency vehicle within one car length or otherwise follow too closely when it is responding to an emergency.

§110.26. Leaving a Motor Vehicle Unattended

A person is guilty of leaving a motor vehicle unattended if they leave it with the engine running.

§110.27. Avoiding an Intersection or Traffic Control Device

A person is guilty of avoiding an intersection or traffic control device if they drive across or upon a sidewalk, driveway, parking lot, or private property, or otherwise leave a roadway, in order to avoid an intersection or traffic-control device.

§110.31. Driving Without or with Damaged Lights

A person is guilty of driving without or with damaged lights if they: A. Operate a vehicle without headlights and rear lights activated at a time between one hour prior to dusk and one hour after dawn; or B. Drive a vehicle without functioning brakelights.

§110.32. Operating a Motor Vehicle Without the Required License

A person is guilty of operating a motor vehicle without the required license if they operate any motor vehicle without the license required by law.

§110.34. Driving an Unroadworthy Vehicle

A person is guilty of driving an unroadworthy vehicle if they operate a vehicle with damage or modification that makes it unsafe to operate on a roadway.

§110.38 – Driving Without a Seatbelt

Driving a vehicle without the use of a Personal Protection Device (seatbelt) during movement.

§110.39 – Blocking of a Public Walkway/Sidewalk

When operating a motor vehicle and knowingly stopping, blocking, or parking on a public walkway or sidewalk, causing impediment to the travel of other people.

@@ Line 940: / Line 940: @@
 # A person is guilty of driving an unroadworthy vehicle if they operate a vehicle with damage or modification that makes it unsafe to operate on a roadway.
-=== §110.38 – Driving Without a Seatbelt ===
-'''Description:''' Driving a vehicle without the use of a Personal Protection Device (seatbelt) during movement.
 ----
-=== §110.39 – Blocking of a Public Walkway/Sidewalk ===
+== §110.38 – Driving Without a Seatbelt ==
-'''Description:''' When operating a motor vehicle and knowingly stopping, blocking, '''or''' parking on a public walkway '''or''' sidewalk, causing impediment to the travel of other people.
+# Driving a vehicle without the use of a Personal Protection Device (seatbelt) during movement.
+----
+== §110.39 – Blocking of a Public Walkway/Sidewalk ==
+# When operating a motor vehicle and knowingly stopping, blocking, '''or''' parking on a public walkway '''or''' sidewalk, causing impediment to the travel of other people.